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The Music Business School

Learn / Labels & Contracts

Labels & Contracts · Topic 12 of 27

Which major labels are there?

Three corporations, many sub-labels and plenty of indies in between.

Worldwide there are only three major labels left: Universal Music (number one), Sony Music (number two) and Warner Music (number three). Together they make up roughly two thirds of the global market for recorded music.

The sub-labels in Germany

Each major has many sub-labels. From the outside they look like separate, smaller companies.

  • Universal Music: for example Polydor, Island, Vertigo, Urban and Deutsche Grammophon
  • Sony Music: for example Columbia, RCA, Ariola and Four Music
  • Warner Music: for example Warner Records, Atlantic and Parlophone

Each major also has its own distributor for smaller labels: Virgin at Universal, The Orchard at Sony and ADA at Warner. And alongside them there are thousands of independent labels with no corporation behind them.

A label that looks small can still have a major behind it.

In shortThree majors, many sub-labels and plenty of indies in between.

All figures are rough guidelines for beginners and focus on Germany. They are no substitute for legal or tax advice.